This book project follows the carceral afterlives of Isaiah 66:24, in which heterodox rebels are consigned to unending fire and worms. This biblical reception tradition has fueled imaginaries of hell that over time have been used to threaten, demonize, and criminalize religious and racial others, sexually nonnormative people, and anyone considered rebellious. In the nineteenth- and twentieth-century United States, this tradition came into debates about hell’s existence and eternity at key moments in the development of the prison system. Defending eternal punishment, traditional biblical scholars and theologians cited Isaiah 66:24, as well as textually related references to Gehenna in the gospels. They also deployed the vision of rebel angels in the early Jewish apocalypse of 1 Enoch and the Christian epistles that reference Enoch alongside the Sodom and flood stories. Attention to how these texts were integrated into theological argument illuminates how hell became exegetically and emotionally entangled with arguments about captivity and prison. Religious argumentation borrowed from punitive civic institutions and ideas about governance. Fear of rebellion and harm were central to these rhetorics of punishment, along with the promised comfort of divinely ordained safety. Prisons and hell were discursively and affectively conjoined. In denaturalizing expository and affective equivalences between hell and prisons, this project hopes to revise received interpretive traditions and reorient theological support for prisons. It reveals how the traumas of the texts have been interpretively repeated in prevailing consent for captivity across punitive texts as wide ranging as slave catechisms and U.S. Supreme Court cases. To disrupt interpretive cycles of harm, the project explores other forms of reading, past and present, that move toward what we now call transformative justice—that is attention to care and healing from the structures of oppression that cause harm.