Although nearly two-thirds of the U.S. population believe that science and religion are in conflict, this trend is not observed among most Muslim societies , specifically Muslim Americans. Drawing on findings from social cognition and cross-cultural psychology, we propose that cultural differences in systems of thought among Muslim and Christian Americans might contribute to varying degrees of perceived compatibility between science and religion. Specifically, we propose that the prevalent conflict narrative in Christian cultures may stem from an analytic approach to the relationship between science and religion, whereas the greater compatibility perceived among Muslims may stem from a more holistic approach to the issue. Our first study provided initial evidence for this hypothesis. Moving forward, we plan to use psychological interventions aimed at fostering more holistic thinking among Christians when considering science and religion, thereby increasing their willingness to engage in various scientific fields. We also plan to extend this work to nonreligious groups, particularly atheists, who comprise most of the scientific community. Encouraging a more holistic perspective on science and religion within nonreligious groups may reduce their perceived incompatibility between the two domains and therefore promote a more welcoming environment for the inclusion of diverse faith communities in scientific fields.