This project examines the role of Christian theology in efforts to undermine the radically democratic potential of Reconstruction after the Civil War in order to build a constructive case for a twenty-first century abolitionist theology dedicated to reviving Reconstruction’s revolutionary agenda. The abolition of slavery at the end of the Civil War opened up possibilities for a dramatic reconfiguration of the social, political, economic, and global life of the United States that would have created broadly shared conditions of racial and economic justice. By engaging in a historical case study of the influential theologian Robert Lewis Dabney (1820-1898), this project explores how a distorted Christian political theology frustrated those possibilities in the nineteenth century. Regarded as one of the leading theologians of his time, Dabney was an unrepentant defender of slavery and a prominent theological voice in the movement to undermine Reconstruction. In response to Dabney’s reactionary theology, I articulate the theological case for a contemporary resurrection of the radically democratic aspirations of Reconstruction. Ultimately, I seek to develop a theological account of global economic democracy in response to the era of racial capitalism that emerged after the abolition of slavery and has shaped U.S. society ever since.