This dissertation will investigate the etiologies and dynamics of congregational conflict around theological issues. My thesis is that understanding this kind of conflict from psychological, social psychological, and theological perspectives can point toward more effective practices of pastoral care and leadership, and can fill an important gap within pastoral theology. To support this claim, I will ground my arguments in case studies of two Protestant congregations, both of which have recently experienced conflict around important theological problems. Having identified the key dynamics of the type of conflict I wish to study, I will employ the resources of psychodynamic psychology and social psychology to explain why these conflicts erupt in the first place. In addition, I will utilize theology to explore how our very nature as finite human beings sets the stage for conflict, and contributes to the suffering that conflict often produces. However, I will also use theology to argue for an understanding of diversity as a created good, and of conflict as holding the potential for innovation and growth. Finally, I will return to the realm of practice and make recommendations for how congregations can more effectively manage theological disagreements.