The Fundamentalist/Modernist controversy shook virtually every major Protestant denomination in the United States. The Disciples of Christ were no exception. But among the Disciples, an absence of organizational hierarchy and denominational structure prevented the immediate development of separate denominational identities such as those appearing in other Protestant groups. Nevertheless, two clearly identifiable groups of Disciples emerged after the 1920s and eventually formed separate identities. The Disciples’ situation, a community divided yet determined not to divide, provides an unique perspective on the social and intellectual forces at work in American Protestantism in this century. Because the Disciples did not officially divide, they continued to discuss openly the issues separating conservatives and liberals. Conservative Disciples supported a wide range of religious, social, and political causes central to conservative Evangelicalism in this century. Liberal Disciples created and supported liberal institutions that continue to influence American religious life. Discussions among the Disciples reveal the changing nature of both conservative and liberal Protestantism in the period from 1920 to 1970. This study examines those discussions and provides a new interpretive framework for analysis of the development of conservative and liberal religious forces in the United States today.