Although Max Weber found important associations between religious values and individuals’ work lives, he predicted a diminishing importance of religion with the modernization of Western societies. Recent sociological theories have seized on Weber’s modernization thesis, and have posited an increasing separation of religion from the work sphere. Subsequent empirical research has yielded mixed results, and has frequently excluded women. Yet with a majority of Americans claiming that religion is very important to them, is the realm of work divorced from people’s religious lives? With women solidifying their presence in the paid labor force, do they connect work and religion in the same ways as men? The purpose of my dissertation is to explore how contemporary religious beliefs mark men’s and women’s conceptions of work. This study will show how religion is important to the world of production: how religion shapes the construction of the meaning of work, and how this religious influence varies by gender. Specifically, the study focuses on the increasingly important distinctions between religious conservatives and liberals, particularly within Protestantism. The basis of this study is a systematic comparison of Conservative and Liberal Protestants, and women and men, using both quantitative (survey) and qualitative (in-depth interviews) data.