Memory loss, caused by degenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, is a growing concern for the church of North America. Currently, one in three American senior citizens dies with dementia, yet there is still a paucity of Christian theological resources available to address this dehumanizing experience. My dissertation makes a scholarly theological contribution to the North American church’s discourse on memory loss by bringing the Catholic faith tradition into dialogue with research from contemporary neuroscience. By analyzing the theological anthropology of the late Catholic theologian Edward Schillebeeckx, I contend that memory is more than merely neurobiological processes: it is a relational identity that is inherently indissociable from God and the community. I compare this theology of relational memory to a Western neuro-reductionist portrait of memory in order to address the philosophical presumptions that underlie contemporary paradigms of the memory-identity relationship. By virtue of this comparative analysis, I call attention to a need for an interdisciplinary hermeneutics that interprets memory across theological and scientific discursive boundaries. To address this need, I use current scholarship on the dialectics of interdisciplinary interpretation in order to bridge the two perspectives on memory into a contemporary theological anthropology. Through a hermeneutic synthesis of the different meanings that theology and neuroscience ascribe to the word ‘memory,’ this project makes a major contribution to the resources available for North American scholarly theological reflection and church ministry. Specifically, it adds a new theological perspective into the discourse on memory loss in a way that resists the reductive narrative of contemporary anthropology; further, it strengthens the faith of North American Christianity by offering a fresh approach to the Gospel message of hope within the contemporary scientific milieu.