My dissertation explores the complex dynamics of race, religion, and interracial romance within the transnational encounter between American and Korean Protestants from 1880 to 1965. Using published accounts and unpublished historical documents in archives across the United States, I examine how American missionaries and Korean Protestants worked with and against one another in religious developments and political activities in both nations. American missionaries were more positive about their religious work than about Korean culture and politics, but they also carried their own racial biases, which led, in turn, to Korean disenchantment with America. Korean Protestants embraced Christianity - in a form initially imported from America - as a religion of hope and liberation, but also deplored the paternalism and racism of American Protestants. Koreans in America ultimately fused their religious beliefs and political interests to create a form of Christianity that clashed dramatically with American missionaries. My attention to American missionaries and Korean Protestants, all in their own voices, enriches our views of how the Christian message becomes indigenized, in concert with and apart from missionary activities. Looking at their bonds and misunderstandings, I historically trace how American and Korean Protestants impacted one other from first encounters through the Korean War.