My doctoral dissertation answers the question: how does conservative Protestantism impact the lives of incarcerated women in the U.S.? To investigate this, I conducted 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork and 170 informal interviews in a state women’s prison. Daughters of Christ in the D.O.C. is the very first study to consider the multifaceted role of religion in the daily lives of female inmates. Chapter one shows how Christian messages redefine imprisonment as “God’s plan,” providing an alternative framework for making sense of incarceration. Chapter two examines the social effects of religious group participation, both positive and negative, from emotional support to status hierarchy and conflict. Chapter three describes the material benefits of practicing religion in prison, unevenly distributed among religious and secular inmate groups. Broadly, this dissertation explores how some of the most disadvantaged Americans engage with Christianity to cope with the hardships they face in everyday life. This project provides insights that will bolster the vitality of Christian prison ministry.